DESENTRALISASI FISKAL DAN PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI, SERTA KAITANNYA DENGAN OTONOMI DAERAH
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24258/jba.v9i3.124Abstract
This study attempts to examine the influence of fiscal decentralization and regional autonomy on regional economic growth in Indonesia by using panel data analysis and the Hodrick-Prescott (HP) filter. This study takes sample at provincial level (selected 19 provinces) in Indonesia in the period of 1994-2010. Furthermore, to represents the fiscal decentralization this thesis uses three indicators, namely expenditure share, revenue share, and local government's own revenue share. Further, regional autonomy is treated as dummy variable with base year of 2004. The result demonstrates that fiscal decentralization is positively associated with economic growth in Indonesia, especially from the revenue side and own revenue side. The findings further strengthens the decentralization theorem and previous studies that mentioned fiscal decentralization play a role in foster the economic growth. In addition, it is also found that the implementation of regional autonomy policy (aggregate decentralization effect) presents positive relationship to economic growth.
Keywords : Fiscal Decentralization; Regional Autonomy; Economic Growth
Studi ini mencoba untuk menguji pengaruh desentralisasi fiskal dan otonomi daerah terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi daerah di Indonesia dengan menggunakan metode analisis data panel dan analisis Hodrick-Prescott (HP) filter. Studi ini mengambil sampel pada level provinsi (19 provinsi terpilih) di Indonesia pada periode 1994-2010. Indikator yang digunakan untuk mewakili pengukuran desentralisasi fiskal ada tiga, yaitu indikator rasio pengeluaran, indikator rasio pendapatan, dan indikator rasio pendapatan asli pemerintah daerah. Sedangkan otonomi daerah diperlakukan sebagai dummy variable dengan acuan tahun 2004 sebagai tahun dasar. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa desentralisasi fiskal secara positif turut mempengaruhi pertumbuhan ekonomi di Indonesia, terutama dari sisi pendapatan dan dari sisi peningkatan pendapatan asli daerah. Temuan ini semakin memperkuat decentralization theorem dan studistudi sebelumnya yang menyebutkan bahwa desentralisasi fiskal cukup berperan penting dalam mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi. Selain itu, juga ditemukan bahwa implementasi kebijakan otonomi daerah (aggregate effect desentralisasi) menunjukkan adanya hubungan positif terhadap peningkatan pertumbuhan ekonomi daerah.
Kata Kunci : Desentralisasi Fiskal; Otonomi Daerah; Pertumbuhan Ekonomi
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