Intervensi Aktor dalam Mempengaruhi Formulasi Kebijakan Lingkungan: Studi Kasus Kebijakan Relokasi Tambak Udang di Yogyakarta
Actor Intervention in Influencing Environmental Policy Formulation: The Case Study of Shrimp Farming Relocation Policy in Yogyakarta
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24258/jba.v15i2.427Abstract
This research aims to see how policy is formulated by policy actors. This study revealed how official policy actors and non-official policy actors can influence a public policy formulation because of its significant contribution. The research method used was a qualitative method with a case study approach to the policy of relocating shrimp farming in Bantul Regency. Analysis of actors and political strategy typologies, namely positioning strategies; power strategy; player strategy; and perceptual strategies were used in this study. The research found that bargaining power occurred between actors in the form of negotiations and each actor carried out his own political strategy. In addition, this study was expected to overcome the ignorance of various parties regarding the process behind the formulation of policy. The implication to many people was to inform that formulation makers were not only from government and its increased community involvement in policy formulation.
Keywords: Policy Actors’ Role, Policy Formulation, Intervention
Abstrak
Penelitian ini berusaha untuk melihat bagaimana suatu kebijakan di formulasikan atau dirumuskan oleh para aktor. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan khusus untuk mengungkap dan menganalisa bagaimana para pemeran resmi (aktor negara) dan pemeran tidak resmi (aktor non negara) dapat memengaruhi sebuah formulasi kebijakan publik dikarenakan aktor memiliki kontribusi yang signifikan dalam formulasi kebijakan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus kebijakan relokasi tambak udang di Kabupaten Bantul. Analisis aktor dan tipologi strategi politik, yaitu strategi posisi; strategi kekuasaan; strategi pemain; dan strategi persepsi digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Terjadi tawar-menawar (bargaining) antar aktor dalam bentuk negosiasi dan setiap aktor melakukan strategi politiknya masing-masing. Selain itu, penelitian ini diharapkan dapat mengatasi ketidaktahuan berbagai pihak mengenai proses dibalik pembentukan sebuah kebijakan. Implikasi kepada masyarakat banyak adalah agar masyarakat mengerti bahwa aktor perumusan tidak hanya dari pemerintah dan meningkatkan keterlibatan masyarakat dalam perumusan kebijakan.
Kata Kunci: Peran Aktor Kebijakan, Formulasi Kebijakan, Keterlibatan
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