Ship Sinking Policy and Socio-Economic Welfare: A Case Study in Sebatik Island, Nunukan District, North Kalimantan Province
Kebijakan Penenggelaman Kapal dan Kesejahteraan Sosial Ekonomi Masyarakat: Studi Kasus pada Masyarakat Kepulauan Sebatik, Kabupaten Nunukan, Provinsi Kalimantan Utara
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24258/jba.v15i3.570Abstract
As an archipelago country, most of Indonesia’s country are located on the sea. Due to this geographic position, illegal fishing becomes an important issue that threatens the country’s maritime security. To solve this issue, the government of Indonesia has implemented "ship sinking policy" since 2014. This research aims to explore the social and economic consequences of "ship-sinking policy" at the local level. A single case study was used to identify and explore the social and economic consequences of the policy in Sebatik Island, Nunukan district, North Kalimantan. The case of Sebatik was unique as the island is located at the border Indonesia and Malaysia and its historical conflict between two countries and its communities. Our findings highlighted the economic benefits of the policy as production value of fish captured by Sebatik fisherman significantly increased following the policy. We also found strengthening bargaining position of fish market on the island following the policy.
Keywords: Ship Sinking Policy, Maritime Security, Maritime Border Zone
Abstrak
Sebagai negara kepulauan yang sebagian besar wilayah perbatasannya berada di laut, illegal fishing merupakan salah satu isu penting yang dihadapi Indonesia. Untuk mengatasi isu tersebut, sejak tahun 2014 Pemerintah Indonesia telah mengimplementasikan kebijakan penenggelaman kapal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bagaimana konsekuensi sosial ekonomi dari kebijakan “penenggelaman kapal, khususnya terhadap masyarakat lokal. Studi kasus tunggal digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis konsekuensi sosial ekonomi dari kebijakan penenggelaman kapal di Sebatik, Kabupaten Nunukan, Provinsi Kalimantan Utara. Kasus di Sebatik dianggap unik, karena pulau ini terletak diperbatasan Indonesia dan Malaysia serta memiliki konflik historis, baik antar negara secara umum, maupun masyarakatnya secara khusus. Dari hasil temuan diketahui bahwa manfaat ekonomi dari kebijakan penenggelaman kapal yang dirasakan oleh masyarakat adalah meningkatnya nilai produksi ikan yang ditangkap oleh nelayan Sebatik secara signifikan. Konsekuensi lain yang muncul dari kebijakan penenggelaman kapal adalah adanya penguatan posisi tawar pasar ikan Pulau Sebatik.
Kata Kunci: Kebijakan Penenggelaman Kapal, Kemanan Laut, Zona Perbatasan Laut
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